Far above us, satellites work tirelessly to provide the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which underpins critical infrastructures such as mobile networks and GPS. Unfortunately, dependency on these systems has made them vulnerable to jamming and spoofing attacks, leading to potential disruptions evidenced in various conflict zones, including Ukraine, the Middle East, and the South China Sea.
Addressing these challenges, startup SandboxAQ has developed a navigation alternative called AQNav, which harnesses the Earth’s magnetic field and artificial intelligence. According to Luca Ferrara, general manager of SandboxAQ’s navigation division, “Our technology does not replace GNSS, but can enrich existing navigation systems to enhance safety and serve as an alternative during GPS outages.”
The AQNav system employs quantum magnetometers to detect fine variations in the magnetic field, using these measurements to create a magnetic map. This data helps accurately locate an aircraft by comparing known magnetic field maps while utilizing AI algorithms to negate any magnetic interference generated by the aircraft itself.
SandboxAQ’s technology has already undergone successful test flights with organizations like the US Air Force, Boeing, and Airbus. Since May 2023, AQNav has been tested in real-flight scenarios, with many iterations of its hardware and software flying various types of aircraft.
Originally conceived at Alphabet between 2016 and 2022, the concept emerged from the drive to explore applications for artificial intelligence and quantum advancements developed in Google’s innovation lab. Spin-out SandboxAQ has since focused its efforts on sectors that can benefit from high-impact AI solutions, indicating broader applications beyond aerospace navigation.
Although the AQNav technology is still in development, challenges related to system integration, reliability, and compliance with global flight standards remain. Ferrara acknowledges that while the system currently serves mainly as a complementary safety tool, it holds potential for comprehensive use in both defense and civilian aviation in the future. Reports of escalating GPS interference reinforce the need for such technology to bolster the safety and reliability of navigation systems across various industries, including maritime, drone manufacturing, and potentially even automotive and rail applications.